Study analyzes 18,000+ cancer samples, finds new mutation patterns
Researchers analyzed 19 different types of cancer samples and identified 58 new clues to the causes of cancer called “mutational signatures”.
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The study unprecedently performed a huge comprehensive “whole genome” analysis of cancer samples
A study published Thursday in the journal Science analyzed the full genetic blueprints of more than 18,000 cancer samples, and found new mutation patterns, which could help doctors provide better treatment, the Associated Press reported.
According to AP, the study unprecedently performed a huge comprehensive “whole genome” analysis of cancer samples.
“This is the largest cohort in the world. It is extraordinary,” underscored Serena Nik-Zainal of the University of Cambridge, who was part of the team.
Genetic sequencing technology
AP explained that "researchers were able to analyze such a large number because of the same improvements in genetic sequencing technology that recently allowed scientists to finally finish decoding the entire human genome – more capable, accurate machines."
Andrew Futreal, a genomic medicine expert at MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, considered that “We can really begin to tease out the underpinnings of the erosive sort of forces that go to sort of generate cancer."
Understanding each person’s cancer more precisely
Cancer occurs when changes in a person’s DNA cause cells to grow and divide uncontrollably. In 2020, there were about 19 million new cancer cases worldwide, reported AP.
The researchers analyzed 19 different types of cancer samples and identified 58 new clues to the causes of cancer called “mutational signatures”. Nik-Zainal said the researchers confirmed 51 of more than 70 previously reported mutation patterns.
According to AP, "Some arise because of problems within a person’s cells; others are sparked by environmental exposures such as ultraviolet radiation, tobacco smoke or chemicals."
Nik-Zainal pointed out that knowing more mutation patterns “helps us to understand each person’s cancer more precisely” and helps guide their treatment.
Making use of the information
To allow doctors to make use of such information, "researchers developed a computer algorithm that will allow them to find common mutation patterns and seek out rare ones," AP said.
Futreal explained that "the data can also show doctors what tends to happen over time when a patient develops a cancer with a certain mutation pattern — helping them intervene earlier and hopefully stop the developing disease in its tracks," AP mentioned.
