A study conducted by BBC found that Facebook has restricted Palestinian news media outlets, significantly reducing their audience reach throughout the Israeli war on Gaza. 

After examining and analyzing Facebook data, BBC found that Palestinian newsrooms operating in Gaza and the West Bank saw drastic drops in online engagement since October 2023, when the war on the Gaza Strip was launched. 

Leaks further showed that Instagram, also owned by Facebook's parent company Meta, has increasingly moderated comments by Palestinian accounts during the same period. 

Meta, responding to the allegations, claimed that implications that it intentionally restricted "particular voices" were "unequivocally false." 

Given that Israeli authorities prohibited the entry of foreign journalists, only allowing a very limited number accompanied by army escorts, social media transpired as a key medium for those seeking direct information from inside Gaza. 

Facebook pages of news outlets like Palestine TV, Wafa News Agency, and Palestinian Al-Watan News—based in the West Bank—have played a key role in providing updates to people around the globe.

BBC News Arabic analyzed engagement data from the Facebook pages of 20 major Palestinian news organizations, comparing data from the year before and the year after the October 7 operation and the subsequent events. 

Findings: Palestinian media saw 77% drop in engagement

BBC found that in light of the war on Gaza, audience engagement with the examined Palestinian outliers dropped by 77%. 

For example, although Palestine TV has 5.8 million followers on Facebook, journalists from the newsroom shared data showing a 60% decline in the number of people seeing their posts. "Interaction was completely restricted, and our posts stopped reaching people," said Tariq Ziad, a journalist at the channel.

Over the past year, Palestinian journalists have expressed concerns that their online content is being "shadow-banned" by Meta, meaning its visibility had been significantly reduced. 

Comparative studies with Israeli, Arab media

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A comparative study with 20 Israeli news outlets, including Yediot Ahronoth, Israel Hayom, and Channel 13, found that they experienced an increase in audience engagement by almost 37%. 

Moreover, it is worth noting that Meta has faced accusations from Palestinians and human rights organizations of not moderating online content impartially. A 2021 independent report commissioned by the company claimed that these issues were not intentional but were due to a lack of Arabic-speaking moderators. As a result, some words and phrases were misinterpreted as offensive or violent.

For instance, the Arabic phrase "Alhamdulillah," meaning "Praise be to God," was sometimes auto-translated as "Praise be to God, Palestinian terrorists are fighting for their freedom."

To determine if this could be related to the drop in engagement with Palestinian outlets, the BBC conducted a similar analysis on the Facebook pages of 30 major Arabic-language news sources based elsewhere, such as Sky News Arabia and Al Jazeera. These pages, however, experienced an average engagement increase of nearly 100%.

In response to the research, Meta acknowledged the "temporary product and policy measures" implemented in October 2023. The company explained that it faced challenges in balancing freedom of speech with its responsibility to enforce its policies, particularly given that Hamas is both US-sanctioned and classified as a "dangerous organization" under Meta's guidelines.

Meta also noted that pages focusing solely on the war were more likely to experience a decline in engagement. "We acknowledge we make mistakes, but any implication that we deliberately suppress a particular voice is unequivocally false," it noted.

Leaks: Meta imposes anti-Palestine algorithm

The BBC also spoke with five current and former Meta employees about the impact of the company's policies on Palestinian users. One anonymous source shared internal documents revealing that Instagram's algorithm was altered after the Hamas operation, making moderation stricter on Palestinian comments.

The employee stated that within a week of the operation, the code was changed to target Palestinians more aggressively. Internal communications showed concerns raised by an engineer about potential bias against Palestinian users.

Meta confirmed the algorithm change but argued it was necessary to address a "spike in hateful content" from the Palestinian territories. The company stated that the policy adjustments made at the start of the war have now been reversed, though it did not specify when this occurred. 

"A lot of information can't be published as it is too graphic - for example if the [Israeli] army commits a massacre and we film it, the video won't spread," Omar el-Qataa, one of the few photojournalists who stayed in northern Gaza, revealed, affirming his and his colleagues' commitment to continue sharing news from the heart of Gaza. 

Engineer fixes anti-Palestine bug, gets fired

Meta's controversial conduct when it comes to spreading Palestinian voices has been a prominent topic of discussion for years, but more so since October 2023. In June 2024, the tech giant fired one of its engineers for fixing a bug causing the block of Instagram posts related to Palestine. 

Palestinian-American engineer Ferras Hamad, who has been employed at Meta since 2021, filed a lawsuit in a California state court for discrimination and wrongful termination, accusing the company of bias against Palestinians. He said the company even deleted internal employee communications mentioning the deaths of their relatives in Gaza and conducted investigations into their use of the Palestinian flag emoji.

The lawsuit further states that no similar investigations have been launched before for employees posting Israeli or Ukrainian flag emojis in similar contexts.

Hamad notes that his dismissal was due to an incident in December regarding an emergency procedure to troubleshoot severe problems with the platforms, known within Meta as a SEV or "site event".

According to the complaints in the lawsuit, Hamad noticed irregularities in the SEV policies related to restricting content posted by Palestinian Instagram accounts, such as posts being prevented from appearing in searches and feeds.

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