I begin with some background to help understand what we have discovered. Since 2006, Green Audit has been investigating the appearance on battlefields in Iraq, Gaza and Lebanon of Uranium-tipped missiles and bombs. The evidence is that there is a new weapon, with a new nuclear warhead being used by "Israel" and also the United States since 1991.

In the last month, thanks to Prof. Jihad Abboud, Dr. Robert Daly and reporter Yvonne Anwar Saouiby, we obtained soil samples from the impact point in Dahieh, Beirut where an Israeli bomb killed Hassan Nasrallah on September 27, 2024. We analysed these using a scientific method which has not been used before for this purpose. The results, which I will come to, are interesting and frightening. But first, I provide some background on Uranium weapons.

The element Uranium, as it exists in nature, is composed of mostly Uranium 238, with a fraction of a percent of Uranium 235.

This U-235, if separated from the Uranium metal, undergoes a nuclear fission explosion if it is concentrated into one piece of about 10 kg. The U235 produces neutrons, and if there are enough neutrons to breed more neutrons, there is a runaway explosion like the one at Hiroshima.

After Hiroshima-type bombs (which used the fission of Uranium 235) were developed, they were next employed as triggers for a new, much bigger type of bomb, the hydrogen or thermonuclear bomb, where the reaction was not fission, but nuclear fusion. The fuel was heavy hydrogen, Deuterium. These two are now known as nuclear weapons, and they are feared and controlled. Everyone knows that if there is a nuclear war, using these devices, it’s the end of life on Earth.

The nuclear explosions produce enormous heat, gamma radiation, and the U-235 splits into a range of very radioactive elements collectively termed fallout. Strontium 90, Caesium 137 and so on. This stuff kills people and causes sterility, birth defects and cancer. We now know it was fallout at Hiroshima, which appeared as a black rain containing the un-fissioned Uranium that caused the cancers and genetic effects there. But the USA covered this up, and made a bogus and dishonest radiation cancer model, based on external exposure, in order to further develop bombs and nuclear power.

And one more military development: Depleted Uranium (DU) weapons. Depleted Uranium is the waste product from the extraction of the fissile Enriched Uranium. It is very dense, but when fired at a hard target, it burns fiercely at a very high temperature. DU bullets from the US A-10 Warthog airplanes won the Gulf Wars because these things, about the size of a pencil but weighing 300 grams, slice through tank armour, incinerate the occupants (so they look like charcoal), and often exit the other side. I have seen all this first hand in Iraq in 2000. The holes in the tanks are very radioactive. But the USA has never admitted to using DU in bombs or missiles, only the bullets and tank shells.

DU was first used in the 1991 Gulf War. It was next used in Kosovo and later in Iraq in 2003. War veterans developed sickness with many strange symptoms: Gulf War Illness. Their children suffered deformities and they developed cancer. I made a study with some colleagues in Iraq and published three papers in peer-reviewed literature. I presented this to the UN Human Rights Council in Geneva. We looked at cancer and genetic effects in Fallujah, a city which had been attacked by the US in 2003. We found enormously high levels of cancer and leukaemia (comparable with Hiroshima) particularly in children and young people, we found a high rate of birth defects and we found Enriched Uranium (EU) in the hair of the mothers of damaged children. This was very strange, because the USA had admitted to using only Depleted Uranium (DU).

It increasingly seemed that there is a kind of half-way nuclear weapon, a secret clean nuclear weapon which employs cold fusion. That is, it produced the effect of the hydrogen bombs but without the need for the fission trigger and without the fission fallout. I called it Red Mercury (after what has been described as a Russian hoax weapon but in reality, was probably a real weapon; Red Mercury was Stalin’s code for Enriched Uranium).

In 2006, we looked at samples from an Israeli bomb in southern Lebanon and found EU there. Later in 2009, we looked at Gaza samples and also found EU. In 2021, some independent researchers found EU in most of the 55 Gaza samples they analysed and published their results in the prestigious Nature journal.

What does this mean?

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It means that there is indeed a new weapon out there. Enriched Uranium does not exist in nature: it is man-made. After discussing the issue in 2006 with Prof Emilio Del Guidice, the famous Italian physicist, we concluded that there is a Uranium weapon which employs Deuterium directly in some way and operates as a fusion device, producing neutrons, enormous temperatures, but very little fallout. A clean bomb, if you like. Del Guidice published a book about this in 2014: The Secret of the Three Bullets. He died suddenly before it was published.

A neutron bomb is ideal for killing those hiding behind concrete walls or in bunkers and tunnels. As in Fallujah, as in Gaza, as in Lebanon. And neutrons kill without any real obvious clinical signature. People exposed just cough and die in a few days. Their lung cells just die. Kidney cells, blood cells, all tissues. Doctors are mystified. Unless they are in the open, and then they suffer extraordinary burns from the initial high temperature flash. Such victims were registered in Gaza and in Lebanon. All hard to explain until you think: neutrons. And the neutron weapon of this type is small, and does not destroy property, and leaves no fission products. A mini-nuke, if you like. Its residual gamma radioactivity is about 20 times background, falling away to background in about 15 weeks. The radiation is caused by activation products. Neutrons enter the nucleus of elements in the soil or near the explosion and turn them into different elements, which are radioactive and decay quickly. For example, the soil is full of Sodium atoms. Natural Sodium 23 gets turned to Sodium 24 by adding a neutron. Sodium 24 is a gamma emitter with a short half-life of 14 hours. So, the radiation is all gone in a few days.

Let’s get to what we recently found and what it may mean. When there is a Uranium bomb explosion, (or even when a DU penetrator hits tank armour), the enormous temperature causes the Uranium to vaporise into what we call a plasma. This is like the arc in a welder but hotter. It is white hot, a gas, basically, made of charged Uranium atoms called ions. These react with anything present, mostly oxygen, and as they cool, they form particles of Uranium Oxide. These are very small, about 1 micron (0.001mm) about 1/10^th the size of a living cell in the body, but they are radioactive, and both U-238 and U-235 decay by emitting alpha particles. These are like small charged bullets and they rip through tissue with a track length of about 40 microns, or 4 cells. The effects damage the DNA and cause mutations that can lead to the death of the cell, or a mutation that can lead to cancer. We know all about these particles because of experiments with DU.

I was a member of the British Government Depleted Uranium Oversight Board (DUOB), and I gave evidence to the Royal Society and to the US Congressional Committee on the issue of Uranium and health. Where, in passing, measurements showed EU in veterans’ urine. So, I asked for soil samples from Gaza and from the Lebanon bomb sites, to look for the particles.

The way we looked for the Uranium particles was to use CR39 plastic. This plastic records the alpha particle tracks, and if you leave it against a soil sample for a long time, the tracks will appear in the plastic after developing it for 4 hours in hot potassium hydroxide.

Since Uranium is a weak alpha emitter and the particles are so small, we exposed it for 30 days. What we found is that the sample contained many Uranium hot particles. One of these is shown in the microscope photo, where the magnification is 400X. How do we know it is Uranium? We know because of the size of the track picture and the time of exposure. What kind of Uranium? EU or DU? We don’t know that, but the sample has been sent for analysis to a lab for mass spectrometry, which might tell us. How do we know it’s a hot particle? Because normally the tracks on CR39 are from individual atoms, and they are spaced far apart randomly. The hot particle tracks are clustered all in one place, because they originate in a single massive particle with billions of Uranium atoms all flying out in every direction. It is only those that fly towards the plastic that are registered, the bubbles showing a cross section of the track.

What else did we learn? Well, one very important and novel observation. The CR39 plastic had been placed in a closed container against the soil sample. But we found that hot particles appeared on the opposite side of the CR39 plastic slide, the side facing away from the soil sample. This can only mean that the hot particles became airborne from the soil during the 30 days, and precipitated from the air onto the fresh surface. This means that in the places where these bombs are used, the air is filled with these particles, and thus people can inhale them. When they enter the lung (and any particle smaller than 10 microns will enter the lung), they are translocated to the lymphatic system and can end up stuck anywhere in the body. They are almost totally insoluble (we know from experiments) and will sit there for the rest of the individual’s life, causing high local dose, local destructive energy: the same damage they produce in the plastic and which you see in the picture. That picture could be of a human lung or kidney. Or any organ.

I had already deduced this from my visit to Kosovo with Nippon TV in 2001, where I located DU residues in snow puddles in Gjakove. These puddles were remote from the tank attacks, and so the snow had precipitated the DU from the air. But of course, the particles could have been blown about by the wind. Here we find that they become airborne all on their own, presumably due to some electric field effect. So, this is new.

And so, to summarise:

First, the Israeli bomb that killed Hassan Nasrallah was a Uranium bomb of some kind. Second, the particles we imaged using the CR39 become airborne, which means that they contaminate the area of Dahiye and will travel downwind.

There is one other thing. Dr Jihad Abboud made gamma radiation measurements at the site, some twelve weeks after the explosion. He found that the site was slightly (but significantly) radioactive (300 vs.100nSv/h). In 2006, Prof Ali Al Khobeisi, whom I worked with, found a similar 10-fold excess radiation near the Khiam crater where we later found Enriched Uranium.

What next? The residues from these Israeli bombs represent a Public Health issue. Because Uranium particles have indiscriminate effects, the use of Uranium is a war crime. But the scientific search for the new Enriched Uranium bomb continues.