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Sheikh Qassem: Our supporters make up more than half of Lebanon's population, and all of these people are united under the banner of protecting Lebanon, its Resistance, its people, and its integrity.
Sheikh Qassem: There will be no phased handing in of our arms. [The Israelis] must first enact the agreement before we start talking about a defensive strategy.
Sheikh Qassem: Be brave in the face of foreign pressures, and we will be by your side in this stance.
Sheikh Qassem: Stripping us of our arms is like stripping us of our very soul, and this will prompt us to show them our might.
Sheikh Qassem: We will not abandon our arms, for they gave us dignity; we will not abandon our arms, for they protect us against our enemy.
Sheikh Qassem: The US efforts we are seeing are aimed at sabotaging Lebanon and constitute a call for sedition.
Sheikh Qassem: If you truly want to establish sovereignty and work for Lebanon’s interests, then stop the aggression.
Sheikh Qassem: The United States, which is meddling in Lebanon, is not trustworthy but rather poses a danger to it.
Sheikh Qassem: The United States is preventing the weapons that protect the homeland.
Sheikh Qassem: The government’s latest decision [on the disarmament of the Resistance] is non-charter-based, and if the government continues down this path, it is not faithful to Lebanon’s sovereignty.

Dying satellites may contribute to climate change, ozone depletion

  • By Al Mayadeen English
  • Source: News websites
  • 1 May 2025 18:27
2 Min Read

Re-entering satellite debris may build up at high latitudes, causing temperature shifts of up to 1.5°C in the upper atmosphere.

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  • Dying satellites may contribute to climate change, ozone depletion
    The Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager solar observation satellite before it plummeted through the atmosphere on April 19, 2023. (NASA via AP)

Currently, more than 9,000 satellites are orbiting the sky, tracking weather, facilitating communications, aiding navigation, and monitoring the Earth. By 2040, the number of satellites could exceed 60,000.

A new study reveals that emissions from expired satellites, as they fall back to Earth and burn up, will significantly impact ozone hole recovery and climate in the coming years. Satellites typically need replacement after five years, with most being disposed of by lowering their altitude to burn up, releasing pollutants like aerosolized aluminum into Earth's atmosphere.

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To assess the effects of these increasing emissions, researchers simulated the impact of releasing 10,000 tonnes of aluminum oxide annually by 2040, an amount expected from the disposal of 3,000 satellites each year, assuming a fleet of 60,000 satellites.

Satellite re-entry could disrupt atmospheric balance

The findings, published in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, indicate that re-entering satellite debris will accumulate at high latitudes, potentially causing temperature anomalies of up to 1.5°C in the middle to upper atmosphere, reducing wind speeds and contributing to ozone depletion, which could hinder ozone hole recovery.

Additionally, other metals such as titanium, lithium, iron, and copper will also be released, but their effects have yet to be modeled.

  • Climate change
  • Satellite
  • Satellite technology
  • Earth
  • NASA
  • global warming
  • ozone layer

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