Armenia has taken a significant step toward European Union membership, signaling a potential shift in its geopolitical alignment that could strain its ties with Moscow.

On Thursday, the Armenian government approved a proposal to begin the formal process of joining the 27-member bloc, according to reports.

Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan announced that the final decision on whether Armenia joins the EU would be determined through a nationwide referendum.

Becoming a member of the EU is a long and intricate process, often taking years and requiring candidates to meet strict governance and human rights standards.

Armenia's shift

This decision comes amid rising tensions with Russia, Armenia's longstanding ally, and ongoing disputes with neighboring Azerbaijan, particularly over the contested Nagorno-Karabakh region.

In March 2024, Foreign Minister Ararat Mirzoyan hinted at Armenia's interest in closer integration with Europe, citing growing dissatisfaction with its regional alliances.

The EU has previously expressed willingness to deepen relations with Armenia.

Last year, the European Parliament welcomed closer collaboration, stating that Armenia could seek EU membership if it adhered to principles such as democratic governance, respect for human rights, and the rule of law.

Read more: Armenian PM Pashinyan calls for public discussions on EU membership

Russia has reacted strongly to Armenia's potential westward shift. The Kremlin has warned of severe repercussions should Yerevan abandon its commitments to the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and Eurasian Economic Union.

Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov stated that joining both the EU and Moscow's economic bloc would be incompatible.